The Story of a Mental Hospital: Fulbourn, 1858-1987
by David H.Clark
| Contents | Foreword | Preface | Chapter: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Postscript | Acknowledgements | References | Index |
Index
action research 213–15
Addenbrooke’s Hospital 32, 230, 231, 244; outpatient department 24, 27, 38, 45, 83, 84, 228; student nurses from 159
‘Administrative Therapy’ 180–1, 183, 192–3
Admission Villas 2, 36, 109–10
admission ward garden 96
Adrian, Professor E. D. (later Lord Adrian) 63
Adrian, Mrs Hester (later Lady Adrian) Hospital Management Committee Chairman) 38, 62–3, 72, 86, 93, 116, 131; death 230; on Royal Commission 67, 127
Adrian Ward 190; opening 117, 119, 125; therapeutic community 165–9, 197, 204, 213, 214
airing courts 34, 130–1
Alcoholism Unit 229
alienists 6
Allbutt, Sir Clifford 24
Allen, Mr Edward (Deputy Chief Male Nurse) 63, 131–2, 133; as Occupation Officer 90, 91, 95, 101, 119
allotments 96
Amended Lunacy Acts (1890, 1891) 64
American psychiatric hospitals 181–2
Annual Reports 10–11, 21–3, 105
Archdale, Dr Mervyn A. (Medical Superintendent) 23, 24, 192
Archer, Mr Henry (Clerk and Steward) 17
‘Arthur’ (patient librarian) 54–5, 123–4
Association of Therapeutic Communities 205
Asylum Officers’ Superannuation Act (1910) 16, 22
asylum smell 34
back wards 35, 39–40
Bacon, Dr George Mackenzie (Medical Superintendent) 13–14, 16, 191
baking on women’s ward 144–6
Banyard, Mr (Estate Officer) 49, 117
barbiturates 33
Barnes, John 11
Bateson’s ‘double-bind’ hypothesis 165
beer brewing 12
Bell, Dr G. McDonald 109
Belmont Hospital 41, 195–7, 206
Bethlem Hospital 4, 5
bicycle workshop 161
Board of Control Examinations 66, 150
Board of Control inspections 26, 27–8, 70–1
bowling green 96
Bowyer, Mr Monty 64–5
Boyle, Mr 62, 72
Brewster, George 15
‘Broadbent, Mrs’ 48, 49, 107
Broadmoor Hospital 201–3
Brock, Miss Queenie (Matron) 43–4, 79, 113, 118–19, 132–3, 152; and Adrian Ward 167, 168; and French nurses 85, 153; lunch with 185; and Mr Tucker 188–9; and press 103; and Princess Marina 187; retirement 189; and Sister John 172, 175; and Sisters’ meetings 80–1, 116; and ‘triangular conflict’ 57–9; and Women’s Institute 146, 147; and ‘Work for All’ 119, 120
Brook, Dr Peter 232
Browne, W. A. F. 191
‘Bruce, Mary’ 175–6, 178, 179
Bryan, Dr Edward Langdon (Medical Superintendent) 9, 10–11, 191
Bryan, Miss (Matron) 9, 14
Burgess, Percy, 122, 124, 162
Burnet, Mrs Pauline 72, 127, 230
Burnet House 201, 234
Buttle, Leslie (Deputy Medical Superintendent) 43, 44–5, 77, 89, 115, 185, 190
Cambridge Chronicle 9–10
Cambridge District Health Authority 231
Cambridge Express 18–19
Cambridge Psychiatric Rehabilitation Service 224, 226, 233, 238, 244
Cambridgeshire Area Health Authority 230
Cambridgeshire Mental Welfare Association 27, 109, 127, 128, 222–3, 228, 230
Cambridge University Academic Department of Psychiatry 231
‘Caroline’ (doctors’ maid) 53–4, 120–1
carpentry workshop 122
Carse, Dr Joshua 109
Carstairs, Professor Morris 100, 101–2, 128
catchment area 37
catering 93–4
Caudill, W. A. 164
centenary (1958) 129, 136–7
Center for Advanced Studies in Behavioral Sciences (California) 182–3
certified patients 64–5
Chappell, Mr (Catering Officer) 117
Charge Nurses 91, 97; meetings 80, 97, 116, 134
‘Charles’ (personal servant) 54
Chief Nursing Officer appointed 189
child labour 15–16
chlorpromazine (Largactil) 114, 116–17, 162, 163, 164
Christmas 87–8, 105
Clark, David H.: and ‘Administrative Therapy’ 180–1, 183, 192–3; and Adrian Ward 169, 214; in America 181–3; appointment and first visit 1–3, 39–42, 239; and Board of Control inspection 70–1; and Broadmoor inspection 202–3; and centenary 129, 136–7; and doctors’ meetings 69–70, 79, 115–16, 140, 215–17; encounters problems 57–62, 67–70, 130–41; first Christmas 87–8; and Hauser report 134–40; to King Edward’s Fund Staff College 126–7; and Management Committee 71–3, 74–5, 82, 118–19, 130–3; meets staff and patients 43–57, 62–3, 76–7; publications 143, 169, 180–1, 183, 193–4, 201, 213, 214, 222; and public relations 103–5, 109; renews Cambridge contacts 84–5; retirement 227, 233; role changes 225–6; and Social Therapy Area 220–2, 224, 226, 232; Social Therapy in Psychiatry 193–4, 213; starts patient occupation 90–2; starts staff meetings 78–82; starts therapeutic community approach for disturbed patients 175–80, 197–201; visits other hospitals 41, 89–90, 100–1, 128, 196; and Winston House 142–3; and World Health Organisation 226–7
Cockayne, Dame Elizabeth 126
Commissioners of the Board of Control 26, 27–8, 70–1
Committee Dining Room 74–5, 130
Committee of Visitors 7, 10, 14–15, 17, 20, 75
community visiting by ward staff 222
Connolly, John 6, 191
Cooper, Mr 143
cricket 29, 30, 86, 87, 91–2, 133, 150–1
Cumming, John and Elaine 129
cutlery 66
Darwin, Lady Ida 27, 127, 188
Davies, Dr Edward Beresford 38, 76, 77, 139, 211
Davis, Dr Derek Russell 38, 76, 77, 89, 211
Davy, Dr Brian 228
Deighton, Dr F. M. 26
Dingleton Hospital 89, 106
Diploma in Psychological Medicine 24, 208, 210
disturbed wards 34–5, 197–201; men’s 97–9, 109–111; women’s 113–14, 170–180
Division of Psychiatry in Cambridge 226
doctors’ meetings 69–70, 79, 115–16, 140, 191, 215–17, 232
doctors’ training 24, 83, 208–10
Duly Authorised Officer 64–5, 149
Dunham, Warren 129
Dutch mental hospitals 100–1, 128
elderly patients 150, 185, 219, 232
Electro Convulsive Therapy (ECT/Electroplexy) 26, 32, 33, 67–70, 173, 187
‘Elizabeth’ 56–7, 120
Ely Day Centre 220
‘Engineer’s Gang’ 49, 50
Enquiries 62, 92–3
epileptics 50, 111
‘Ernest’ 52–3
Ewen, Dr James 31
Extract of Hyoscyamus 16
farm 29, 36
‘Farm Gang’ 49, 100, 122–3
Fenn, Maurice 189
‘Fen Tigers’ 48
fires 15, 30, 167–8
Fortes, Prof. Myer 85, 139, 182
Fossey, Miss (Matron) 26
Foulkes, Dr S. H. 39
Fountain House (New York) 182
‘Freedom, Activity, Responsibility’ 192, 237
French nurses 85–6, 153–4
Friends Ward 190, 203, 205, 206–7
Fulbourn Asylum 4–38
Fulbourn Industries 102, 143
‘garden gang’ 95–6
General Nursing Council 153, 155, 158
General Paralysis of the Insane 13, 25, 28
Gentle, Aubrey 50
‘George’ (assistant storeman) 52, 221
George III 4–5
Geriatric Unit 185
Gittus, William 11
Glebe House 234
graveyard 11
Group Homes 222–3
group therapy 40, 165
habit training 89, 98
Hardwick, Earl of 8
Harwin, Norman 199
Hauser, Hephzibah 135, 137
Hauser, Richard 134–6, 137–9, 140
Hereward House 199–201, 206, 213, 214
Heron, Malcolm 190, 191, 216, 217, 228
Hill, Mr Samuel 7–8
Hillview Ward 173–80, 185, 197, 198–9
Hodgson, Dr Oliver 150–1, 182, 183, 184–5, 216, 217
Holmes, Alderman 101, 131, 137
Hooper, Douglas 169, 173–4, 179, 213–14
Hospital Innovation Project 214
Hospital Management Committee 74, 75, 82, 131–2, 170, 235; abolition 226, 229–30; and certified patients 65; creation 38; meetings 71–3, 104–5, 118–19, 130–1
Hospital Officers’ meetings 117–18, 119
Houston, Fred (Senior Hospital Medical Officer) 94–5, 101, 110, 115, 119, 132–3, 213
Ida Darwin Hospital 188, 228, 244
Industrial Therapy 101–2, 128
infectious diseases 15, 20, 29, 37, 141
informal patients 149
Insulin Coma Therapy 26, 32, 33, 37
Intensive Nursing Unit 185
Intensive Therapy Unit 245
‘Jack’ 50–1
Jameson, Sir Wilson 127
James Ward 185, 198–9
Japan, contacts with 226
John, Sister 171, 172–3, 175, 178
Jones, Dr Dewi 37
Jones, Dr H. Travers (Medical Superintendent) 25, 26, 27, 36, 54, 192
Jones, Maxwell 41, 127, 165, 183, 195, 196
junior doctors 140–2
Kelly, Mr (Engineer) 117
Kemp, Mr (Clerk and Steward) 26
Kendall, Mr 7
Kent House 185, 186–7, 189, 190, 244
Keynes, Mrs Florence 20, 27, 125
King Edward VII Hospital Fund for London 126–7, 159
King’s College, Cambridge 84, 85
Kinnear, Sister Kay 166, 167, 175, 176
Laing, R. D. 212–13
Lambert, John 224
Largactil (chlorpromazine) 114, 116–17, 162, 163, 164
laundry 14, 53, 55
Lawrence, Dr George William (Medical Superintendent) 11, 12, 13, 191
Legge, Miss (Deputy Matron, later Deputy Chief Nursing Officer) 63, 95, 189
Lewis, Sir Aubrey 39, 127
Lewis, Tom (Charge Nurse) 97–8, 169, 185
library 54–5, 123–4
Lloyd, Agi 203
Local Government Act (1889) 15, 17
Long, Jack (Chief Male Nurse, later Chief Nursing Officer) 133–4, 159, 185, 189, 190, 206
Lunacy Act (1845) 5, 6
Lunacy Acts (1890) 66–7
Lunacy Commissioners 5, 11, 17–18
McCutchan, Dr 20
Maclay, Dr Walter 41–2, 127
‘McTavish Mr’ 48–9, 108
Mallett, Alderman Howard 131, 186
Marina, Princess Duchess of Kent 187
‘Marion’ 167
Mayor of Cambridge 105
Medical Superintendent post abolished 225–6
Medical Superintendent’s house 46, 84, 127–8, 160
Mental Deficiency Act (1910) 20
Mental Health Act (1959) 149–50, 170, 225
Mental Treatment Act (1930) 25
Merrin, Mr Harry (Engineer) 27, 37, 46, 50, 86, 87, 91
Miller, Mr George (Foreman Artisan) 17, 22
Mills, Robert 12
Mitchell, Mr Charles (Group Secretary) 26–7, 43, 92, 117, 118, 119, 186, 225
Mitchell, Mr Edward (Chief Male Nurse) 22–3, 26
Mitchell, Dr Ross 190–1, 210, 216, 217, 219–20
Mitchell Ward 147–8, 204, 205
mixed-sex wards, move to 189–190
Mungovan, Ruby 199, 200, 202
Myers, Dr Kenneth 200–1, 214
National Association for Mental Health 226–7
National Health Service: and decline of therapeutic communities 235–6, 238; foundation 30–2, 127; reorganisation 229–31
Nicholas, Larry 204
Noble, Dr Ralph 27, 45, 76, 128, 151
non restraint 6, 11, 12
Norman, Mrs (Matron) 14
Nurses’ Badge Days 126, 157
Nurses’ Home 20, 154–5
nurses’ training 151–2, 155–60, 208–9
nursing assistants 121, 157
nursing services, male and female, united 188–9
occupational therapy 2, 27, 90–2, 94–7, 99–102, 119–20, 121, 124
O’Connor, Neil 100, 101–2, 128
Open Days 125–6
open doors policy 38, 89, 106–14, 173, 198, 211, 237, 239–40
operating theatre 37
Oram, Dr Eddie 165–7, 168, 169, 185, 212, 213, 214, 222
Orwin, Dr Arnold 172–3
outpatient clinics 24, 38, 45, 83, 84
padded rooms 34–5, 99, 111, 172
paraldehyde 33, 98
patients: clothing and belongings 34, 55–6; dances 86–7; escapes 106–7; friendships 120–1, 163; rewards 91; self-management 122–3, 213; Social Club 87
Pattemore, Joe (Charge Nurse) 97–8, 110, 111, 169, 185
pauper lunatics 4, 6, 11
Petrie, Dr Graham 233
Pinel, Philippe 6
Pinsent, Dame Ellen 27, 127
postmortems 61, 68
Powell, Enoch 228
prefrontal leucotomy 32, 33
psychotherapy 40, 211–12
public relations 103–5
Pullen, Geoffrey 204
Raines, Eric (Charge Nurse) 100, 122, 123, 160
Reardon, Dr Arthur Francis (Medical Superintendent) 24, 27
Rees, Dr T. P. 89–90, 127, 210
Regional Hospital Board 31, 32, 83
‘Regional Refresher Course’ for Charge Nurses and Sisters 159–60
rehabilitation 102, 142, 191, 218–33
Rehabilitation Cottage 223
Rehabilitation Unit 185
Responsible Medical Officer 170
Rickman, Dr John 24
Roberts, Dr Gwyn 188, 226
Robertson, Dr J. Lockhart 12–13
Rogers, Dr E. C. (Medical Superintendent) 16, 17, 20, 22, 192
Ross, Miss (Occupational Therapist) 27
Roth, Prof. Sir Martin 231–2
Royal College of Psychiatrists 210, 226
Royal Commission Report on Lunacy Laws (1957) 67, 149, 228
St Quintin, Mr 7
Salisbury, Reg 160, 179, 209
Salter, Jean 176–7
Schwartz, Morris 40, 57, 129
Scott, Dr Christopher 190, 211
Scott, Joseph 15
‘Scrubbing Gang’ 53
secure hospitals 201–3, 243
Senior Nurses’ meetings 157–8
‘Sewing Room’ 53
Shaftesbury, Lord 4, 5, 15, 16
Shepherd, Dr Geoffrey 227, 233
shift system 79–80
slogans 125, 144, 192
Social Services Departments 228
social therapy 184–217, 232, 236, 237–8, 244–5; continuing relevance 241–3; Social Therapy Area 220–2, 224, 226
Sports Field Project 99–100, 121, 133
Staff Children’s party 88
Staff Club 63, 86, 155
staff misconduct 11–12, 14, 34, 61, 94, 198
staff recruitment problems 85–6, 152–3, 160
staff signalling system 60–1
Stanton, Alfred 40, 57, 129
Street, Alderman 75, 99, 130, 131, 133, 136
Street Ward 190, 203, 204, 205, 234
Suzuki, Junichi 203, 221, 226
Symonds, Major 62, 72
therapeutic communities 88–9, 194–5, 203–8, 211, 232; Adrian Ward 165–9, 197, 204, 213, 214; at Belmont Hospital 41, 195–7, 206; decline of 234–6, 238; Friends Ward 190, 203, 206–7; Hereward House 199–201; Hillview Ward 197, 198–9; Street Ward 190, 203, 204, 234
Thomas, Dr J. G. T. (Medical Superintendent) 26, 36, 38, 44, 47, 50; and Christmas 88; and cricket 87; improvements by 37; and ‘Jack’ 50; and Management Committee 75; and press 103; relations with staff 43, 69, 76, 77, 81–2; reports 105
Thompson, Dr Alexander Day (Medical Superintendent) 21–3, 192
Thompson, Mrs Elsie 163–4
Thorne, Mr E. M. (Head Male Attendant) 16–17, 19, 22, 192
‘Three Bodies’ 7, 17, 37
Todd, Norman 185
Towell, David and Harries, Clive (eds) Innovation in Patient Care 214–15
tranquillisers 114, 116–17
Treatment Teams 219
‘triangular conflict’ 57–8
Tucker, Mr (Chief Male Nurse) 43, 44, 88, 90, 92–3, 117, 131, 188–9
Tudgay, Frank 158, 159
Tyser, Dr Pat 145–6
uniforms 80, 81, 82, 85, 97, 204, 205–8
‘Vegetable Preparation Room’ 53
visiting arrangements 33–4, 108
voluntary patients 25
Voluntary Services Organiser 182
war, effects of 23, 28–9, 30
ward meetings 123, 169, 177–8, 204
ward orderlies 121
Ward Sisters’ meetings 80–1, 116
‘ward workers’ 51–2
Warlingham Park Hospital 89–90, 98, 106
Way Back, The (television film) 201, 224
Webster, Mr (builder) 8
Westerlands Ward 205, 224
‘wet and dirties’ 34, 171, 174
Wheatley, Jack 147–8
‘William’ (hospital messenger) 52
Williams, Miss (Head Female Attendant) 14
Willinck, Sir Henry 186, 230
‘Winkel, Dr’ 102
Winston House 128, 140, 142–3, 218, 228, 234
Wise, John 200, 224
Women’s Institute 146–7
‘Work for All’ programme 99, 119–20, 121–2, 192
World Health Organisation 88–9, 106, 226, 227
Wyer, William 15, 16
York Retreat 5
Young, Mr Alan (Group Secretary) 186
Young, Ruth 228
Zangwill, Oliver 85, 139, 173
Zeitlyn, Bernard 151, 185, 228
Index by Linda English